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The Manas River (Pron: ˈmʌnəs; in Bhutan Drangme Chhu; in China Niamjang〔(Topomap )〕) is a transboundary river in the Himalayan foothills between southern Bhutan and India. It is named after Manasa, the serpent god in Hindu mythology. It is the largest river system of Bhutan,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Physiological survey )〕 among its four major river systems; the other three are Amo Chu or Torsa, Wong Chu or Raidak, Mo Chu or Sankosh. It is met by three other major streams before it again debouches into India in western Assam. The total length of the river is , flows through Bhutan for and then through Assam for before it joins the mighty Brahmaputra River at Jogighopa. Another major tributary of the Manas, the Aie river joins it in Assam at Bangpari. The river valley has two major reserve forest areas, namely the Royal Manas National Park (, established in 1966) in Bhutan and the contiguous Manas Wildlife Sanctuary ( in 1955 increased to in December 1985) encompassing Project Tiger reserve, an elephant teserve and a biosphere reserve, which constitutes a UNESCO World Heritage Site declared in December 1985. ==Geography== The Manas River valley formed by the Manas river system encompasses territory in Bhutan (eastern Bhutan) and India with a total drainage area of . It is called the Drangme Chhu, flows in southwesterly direction from Arunachal Pradesh in India. It has three major branches: the Drangme Chhu, Mangde Chhu, and Bumthang Chhu that cover most of eastern Bhutan, with the Tongsa and Bumthang valleys also forming part of its catchment. The area drained in Bhutan territory is 18,300 km2 and is bound by the geographical coordinates . A part of the main stem of the river rises in the southern Tibet before entering into India at Bumla pass at the northwestern corner of Arunachal Pradesh. The river flows through Bhutan in a south-west direction between two ranges of the Lower Himalayas in V-shaped gorges and enters into Assam in India into the south-central foot hills of the Himalayas. The valley opens up in the foot hills; marked by the formation of swamps and marshes in the plains. The upper catchment is snow bound while the middle and lower catchment are thickly forested.〔 The river system as a whole in Bhutan constitutes a length of , the main stem of the river is the Manas or Gongri river, which originates in the West Kameng District of Arunachal Pradesh in India and after flowing in a south westerly direction (the rivers in Bhutan generally flow from northwest to southwest) enters Bhutan near Tashigang. At Tashigong, it is joined by the Kulong Chu, which rises in the northern Himalaya snow ranges of Bhutan. At Tashigong, the bed width of the river is about and river bed elevation is . The river Kulong Chu is formed by two rivers namely, the Tongsa (Mangde) Chu that rises in northern Bhutan near Kula Kangri Peak where the elevation is and the Bumthang River, also called Murchangphy Chu; the combined stream joins the Manas river.〔 The Lhobrak, or Kuri Chhu, is the main central tributary of the Manas. It is the only river that rises north of the Great Himalayas and it joins the Manas in southern Bhutan; further downstream of the combined stream joining at the Tongsa Chu. Here, the river bed level is .〔 After flowing in a generally south-westerly direction for about in Bhutan, the Aie river enters In India into the Goalpara district of Assam at the village of Agrong. From here, it follows a meandering course for about and outfalls into the Brahmaputra near Jogigopa. Aie River, which rises in the Black mountains at an altitude of about near the village of Bangpari, is about in length. The total length of the Manas measured along its longest tributary the Kur is , out of which about lies in India.〔 The river valley in the foothills is surrounded by small meadows located among thickly deciduous forested foothills with many rivulets, streams and natural drainage channels related to the river system.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Manas River bordering Bhutan famous for the game fish "Golden Masheer" )〕 In the lower reaches of the river, there are many smooth sandy stretches populated with trees.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=What to See - Manas National Park )〕 The foot hills in Bhutan and India known as Terai and the Duars (A Sanskrit word meaning "passes" or "gates"), which encompass stretch of the foot hills and which are very fertile. Each Duar (with elevation varying from to near sea level as they join the Brahmaputra river) is named after a stream or hemmed between two streams. Some part of the Duars in Bhutan was under British control. The fertile lands have been developed into tea estates and paddy fields. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Manas River」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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